Hyperhidrosis/ Excessive Sweating

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Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition characterised by excessive sweating that exceeds the normal physiological needs for thermoregulation. This excessive sweating can occur in various parts of the body, including the hands, feet, underarms, face, and other areas. The condition can be classified into two main types:

Primary (focal) hyperhidrosis: This type is usually localised to specific areas such as the palms, soles, underarms, and face. It often starts in childhood or adolescence and is believed to have a genetic component. The exact cause is not well understood, but it is thought to involve overactivity of the sweat glands due to overstimulation by the sympathetic nervous system.

Secondary (generalised) hyperhidrosis: This type is usually more widespread and can be caused by underlying medical conditions such as infections, endocrine disorders (like hyperthyroidism), medications, or menopause. Unlike primary hyperhidrosis, secondary hyperhidrosis typically begins in adulthood.

Hyperhidrosis can significantly impact a person's quality of life. It can lead to physical discomfort, skin infections, and emotional and psychological distress, including anxiety and social withdrawal. People with hyperhidrosis may feel self-conscious about their excessive sweating, which can interfere with daily activities and professional and social interactions.

Neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum is widely used for various medical and cosmetic purposes, including the treatment of hyperhidrosis. It works by blocking the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating the sweat glands. By inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, botulinum toxin effectively reduces the activity of the sweat glands, thereby decreasing excessive sweating. The treatment involves injecting small amounts into the affected areas. The procedure is relatively quick and can be performed in a clinic. Patients may require multiple injections to cover the entire area of excessive sweating. The effects of these injections typically become noticeable within a few days to a week after treatment. The reduction in sweating can last for several months, usually around 4 to 6 months, after which repeat injections may be needed to maintain the effect.